What Patients Should Know About Shoulder Replacement Surgery: Common Questions Answered

Shoulder pain can limit daily activities and reduce quality of life. When other treatments fail, shoulder replacement surgery offers relief and restores function. Many patients have questions about this procedure, from what it involves to recovery expectations. This post answers common questions about shoulder replacement, including different types like shoulder arthroplasty, reverse shoulder replacement, and the role of robotic shoulder surgery.

Image showing a robotic-assisted reverse shoulder arthroplasty performed by Dr. Menendez.

What Is Shoulder Replacement Surgery?

Shoulder replacement surgery, also called shoulder arthroplasty, involves removing damaged parts of the shoulder joint and replacing them with artificial components. The goal is to relieve pain and improve movement. This surgery is often recommended for patients with severe arthritis, fractures, or rotator cuff tears that do not respond to other treatments.

There are two main types of shoulder replacement:

• Anatomic shoulder replacement: Replaces the ball and socket with prosthetics that mimic the natural joint.

• Reverse shoulder replacement: Switches the ball and socket positions, used when the rotator cuff is severely damaged, or there is significant wear in the socket.

  
  

Who Is a Good Candidate for Shoulder Replacement?

Candidates typically have:

• Persistent shoulder pain that limits daily activities

• Significant loss of shoulder motion

• Arthritis or joint damage confirmed by imaging

• Failure of non-surgical treatments like physical therapy or medications

  
  

Your doctor will evaluate your overall health, activity level, and specific shoulder condition to determine if surgery is appropriate.

What Happens During the Surgery?

The procedure usually takes 1 to 3 hours under general anesthesia. We make an incision over the shoulder, removes the damaged bone and cartilage, and fit the prosthetic components. In reverse shoulder replacement, the ball and socket are reversed to improve stability.

Robotic shoulder surgery is an emerging technique that uses robotic assistance to improve precision in implant placement. This can lead to better outcomes and faster recovery.

What Are the Risks and Complications?

Like any surgery, shoulder replacement carries risks such as:

• Infection

• Blood clots

• Nerve or blood vessel injury

• Fracture

• Dislocation

• Implant loosening or failure over time

  
  

We will discuss these risks and steps to minimize them. The vast majority of patients recover without any serious complications.

How Long Is the Recovery?

Recovery varies but generally includes:

• Same-day surgery

• Immobilization: Wearing a sling for 2 to 4 weeks

• Physical therapy: Begins soon after surgery to restore motion and strength

• Return to activities: Light activities in 6 weeks, full recovery in 4 to 6 months

  
  

Following your rehabilitation plan is key to a successful outcome.

What Can I Expect After Surgery?

Most patients experience significant pain relief and improved shoulder function. Some may have limitations in heavy lifting or overhead activities, especially with reverse shoulder replacement. Regular follow-ups help monitor implant condition and shoulder health.

How Does Robotic Shoulder Surgery Improve Results?

Robotic shoulder surgery uses computer guidance and robotic arms to assist the surgeon. This technology helps:

• Precisely position implants

• Customize surgery to your anatomy

• Reduce surgical trauma

• Potentially speed up recovery

  
  

While not available everywhere, robotic shoulder surgery is gaining popularity for its accuracy and patient benefits. I was the first surgeon in the Greater Sacramento area to use this technology for shoulder replacements, and I am currently the only surgeon offering this technology to patients in this area.

How Long Do Shoulder Replacements Last?

Modern shoulder implants typically last 10 to 20 years or more. Longevity depends on factors like activity level, implant type, and surgical technique. Regular check-ups help detect any issues early.

Can I Prevent the Need for Shoulder Replacement?

Preventing shoulder replacement involves:

• Managing arthritis with medications and lifestyle changes

• Avoiding shoulder injuries

• Maintaining shoulder strength and flexibility through exercise

• Seeking early treatment for shoulder pain